Impruvmen bilong eneji densiti bilong ol lithium-ion bateri i save kam wantaim ol sefti risk i go antap. Ol bikpela 'electrolyte' sistem bilong nau em i yusim ol 'carbonate solvents', we i gat liklik 'flash point' na i save paia hariap na i save paia hariap. Aninit long ol kondisen bilong abius olsem 'overcharging', sot seket, o bikpela tempereja, ol i save kamapim 'thermal runaway', na dispela i save kamapim paia long bateri o pairap, na dispela i save kamapim bikpela hevi long sefti. Long taim bilong wok tempereja antap long 50 digri, ol sait riaksen namel long 'electrode' na 'electrolyte' bai go hariap tru, na dispela bai mekim na 'battery' i no gat strong moa na i no inap long yusim gut long ol kain kain tempereja. Ol i ting olsem ol 'flame-retardant phosphate ester solvents em i gutpela rot bilong senisim ol 'carbonate solvents'. Tasol, hevi bilong inkompatibiliti wantaim ol 'graphite anode' i bin pasim wok bisnis bilong ol: long ol konvensenel o liklik sol konsentresen, ol 'phosphate ester electrolytes' i no inap long kamapim wanpela gutpela strongpela 'electrolyte interface' (SEI) antap long ol 'graphite anode', na 'electrolyte' bai stap wantaim ol 'thium interlayers' ol aion, i kamapim oltaim bagarap na bagarap long ol samting.
Nau yet, wanpela tim i bin wokim wanpela nupela kain 'six-ring fluorinated phosphoric acid ester solvent, nem bilong en 2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane-2-oxide (HTP). Taim yumi skelim wantaim olpela faiv-ring fosforik asid ester, 6-ring straksa bilong HTP i gat liklik ring tensen, we i save strongim tru 'thermal stability' na 'chemical stability' bilong molekiul long sait bilong 'thermodynamic', na i save pasim ol sait riaksen olsem 'ring-decomposition'. Long dispela, tim i makim tri-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphate (TFEP) olsem wanpela 'co-solvent' na ol i wok bung wantaim 'lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide' (LiFSI) sol, na ol i wokim gut wanpela 'low-concentration all-phosphoric acid ester electrolyte system' wantaim wanpela 'lithium solt' tasol we i gat 1 M2. Gutpela samting bilong dispela 'electrolyte' em olsem, long rot bilong ol 'inter-solvent interactions', em i save bosim 'solvation structure' bilong ol 'lithium ions', na long dispela rot em i save kamapim wanpela gutpela na strongpela SEI film long 'graphite anode', na dispela i save daunim hevi bilong 'compatibility'.
Dispela wok i kamap long wanpela nupela kain 'hexacyclic phosphoric acid ester solvent' (HTP), na ol i bin wokim gut wanpela 'low-concentration all-phosphoric acid electrolyte. Dispela 'electrolyte', wantaim bikpela 'electrochemical window' bilong en, bikpela 'flash point' na gutpela 'flame retardancy', i mekim na 4.5 V 'graphite||NMC811 bateri i ken wok gut inap long 100 digri, na i save winim ol strongpela sefti tes olsem 'puncture', na brukim 'bottleneck' we ol 'electrolyte' i hat long skelim na hai voltej pefomens long bikpela -temperature.
